Class: GR::Plot

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/gr/plot.rb

Overview

This class offers a simple, matlab-style API built on top of the GR package. The class name Plot may be changed in the future.

Constant Summary collapse

PLOT_KIND =

Plot kinds conform to GR.jl

%i[
  line
  step
  stairs
  scatter
  stem
  bar
  hist
  contour
  contourf
  hexbin
  heatmap
  nonuniformheatmap
  wireframe
  surface
  plot3
  scatter3
  imshow
  isosurface
  polar
  polarhist
  polarheatmap
  nonuniformpolarheatmap
  trisurf
  tricont
  shade
  volume
].freeze
KW_ARGS =

Keyword options conform to GR.jl.

%i[
  accelerate
  algorithm
  alpha
  ax
  backgroundcolor
  barwidth
  baseline
  borderwidth
  clabels
  clines
  clear
  clim
  color
  colormap
  crange
  dpi
  figsize
  font
  grid
  horizontal
  isovalue
  keepaspect
  kind
  label
  labels
  levels
  linewidth
  location
  markersize
  nbins
  panzoom
  ratio
  rotation
  scale
  size
  spec
  subplot
  theta_direction
  theta_zero_location
  tilt
  title
  update
  viewport
  vp
  where
  window
  xaxis
  xflip
  xform
  xlabel
  xlim
  xlog
  xrange
  xticks
  yaxis
  yflip
  ylabel
  ylim
  ylog
  yrange
  yticks
  zaxis
  zflip
  zlabel
  zlim
  zlog
  zrange
  zticks
].freeze
FONTS =
{
  times_roman: 101,
  times_italic: 102,
  times_bold: 103,
  times_bolditalic: 104,
  helvetica_regular: 105,
  helvetica_oblique: 106,
  helvetica_bold: 107,
  helvetica_boldoblique: 108,
  courier_regular: 109,
  courier_oblique: 110,
  courier_bold: 111,
  courier_boldoblique: 112,
  symbol: 113,
  bookman_light: 114,
  bookman_lightitalic: 115,
  bookman_demi: 116,
  bookman_demiitalic: 117,
  newcenturyschlbk_roman: 118,
  newcenturyschlbk_italic: 119,
  newcenturyschlbk_bold: 120,
  newcenturyschlbk_bolditalic: 121,
  avantgarde_book: 122,
  avantgarde_bookoblique: 123,
  avantgarde_demi: 124,
  avantgarde_demioblique: 125,
  palatino_roman: 126,
  palatino_italic: 127,
  palatino_bold: 128,
  palatino_bolditalic: 129,
  zapfchancery_mediumitalic: 130,
  zapfdingbats: 131,
  cmuserif_math: 232, # original: cmuserif-math
  dejavusans: 233,
  stix_two_math: 234
}.freeze
THETA_ZERO_LOCATION =
{
  'E' => 0,
  'N' => Math::PI / 2,
  'W' => Math::PI,
  'S' => 1.5 * Math::PI
}.freeze
COLORS =
[
  [0xffffff, 0x000000, 0xff0000, 0x00ff00, 0x0000ff, 0x00ffff, 0xffff00, 0xff00ff],
  [0x282c34, 0xd7dae0, 0xcb4e42, 0x99c27c, 0x85a9fc, 0x5ab6c1, 0xd09a6a, 0xc57bdb],
  [0xfdf6e3, 0x657b83, 0xdc322f, 0x859900, 0x268bd2, 0x2aa198, 0xb58900, 0xd33682],
  [0x002b36, 0x839496, 0xdc322f, 0x859900, 0x268bd2, 0x2aa198, 0xb58900, 0xd33682]
].freeze
DISTINCT_CMAP =
[0, 1, 984, 987, 989, 983, 994, 988].freeze

Class Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(*raw_args) ⇒ Plot

Returns a new instance of Plot.



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 203

def initialize(*raw_args)
  # Keywords are cloned to avoid disruptive changes
  @kvs = raw_args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? raw_args.pop.clone : {}
  @args = plot_args(raw_args) # method name is the same as Julia/Python

  # Check keyword options.
  kvs.each_key { |k| warn "Unknown keyword: #{k}" unless KW_ARGS.include? k }

  # label(singular form) is a original keyword arg which GR.jl does not have.
  kvs[:labels] ||= [kvs[:label]] if kvs.has_key? :label

  # Don't use ||= here, because we need to tell `false` from `nil`
  kvs[:size]    = [600, 450]   unless kvs.has_key? :size
  kvs[:ax]      = false        unless kvs.has_key? :ax
  kvs[:subplot] = [0, 1, 0, 1] unless kvs.has_key? :subplot
  kvs[:clear]   = true         unless kvs.has_key? :clear
  kvs[:update]  = true         unless kvs.has_key? :update

  @scheme     = self.class.scheme
  @background = 0xffffff
  # @handle     = nil           # This variable will be used in gr_meta

  self.class.last_plot = self
end

Class Attribute Details

.last_plotObject

Returns the value of attribute last_plot.



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 192

def last_plot
  @last_plot
end

.schemeObject

Returns the value of attribute scheme.



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 192

def scheme
  @scheme
end

Instance Attribute Details

#argsObject

Returns the value of attribute args.



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 201

def args
  @args
end

#kvsObject

Returns the value of attribute kvs.



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 201

def kvs
  @kvs
end

#schemeObject

Returns the value of attribute scheme.



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 201

def scheme
  @scheme
end

Class Method Details

.usecolorscheme(index) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 194

def usecolorscheme(index)
  raise 'Invalid color scheme' unless index >= 1 && index <= 4

  @scheme = index
end

Instance Method Details

#colorbar(off = 0, colors = 256) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 783

def colorbar(off = 0, colors = 256)
  GR.savestate
  viewport = kvs[:viewport]
  zmin, zmax = kvs[:zrange]
  mask = (GR::OPTION_Z_LOG | GR::OPTION_FLIP_Y | GR::OPTION_FLIP_Z)
  options = if kvs.has_key?(:zflip)
              (GR.inqscale | GR::OPTION_FLIP_Y)
            elsif kvs.has_key?(:yflip)
              GR.inqscale & ~GR::OPTION_FLIP_Y
            else
              GR.inqscale
            end
  GR.setscale(options & mask)
  h = 0 # 0.5 * (zmax - zmin) / (colors - 1)
  GR.setwindow(0, 1, zmin, zmax)
  GR.setclipregion(GR::REGION_RECTANGLE)
  GR.setviewport(viewport[1] + 0.02 + off, viewport[1] + 0.05 + off,
                 viewport[2], viewport[3])
  l = linspace(0, 1, colors).map { |i| (1000 + i * 255).round }
  GR.cellarray(0, 1, zmax + h, zmin - h, 1, colors, l)
  GR.setlinecolorind(1)
  diag = Math.sqrt((viewport[1] - viewport[0])**2 + (viewport[3] - viewport[2])**2)
  charheight = [0.016 * diag, 0.012].max
  GR.setcharheight(charheight)
  if kvs[:scale] & GR::OPTION_Z_LOG == 0
    ztick = auto_tick(zmin, zmax)
    y_axis = GR.axis('Y', position: 1, tick: ztick, org: zmin, major_count: 1, tick_size: 0.005)
    GR.drawaxis('Y', y_axis)
  else
    GR.setscale(GR::OPTION_Y_LOG)
    y_axis = GR.axis('Y', position: 1, tick: 2, org: zmin, major_count: 1, tick_size: 0.005)
    GR.drawaxis('Y', y_axis)
  end
  GR.restorestate
end

#draw_axes(kind, pass = 1) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 446

def draw_axes(kind, pass = 1)
  viewport = kvs[:viewport]
  vp = kvs[:vp]
  xtick, xorg, majorx = kvs[:xaxis]
  ytick, yorg, majory = kvs[:yaxis]
  drawgrid = kvs.has_key?(:grid) ? kvs[:grid] : true
  xtick = 10 if kvs[:scale] & GR::OPTION_X_LOG != 0
  ytick = 10 if kvs[:scale] & GR::OPTION_Y_LOG != 0
  GR.setlinecolorind(1)
  diag = Math.sqrt((viewport[1] - viewport[0])**2 + (viewport[3] - viewport[2])**2)
  GR.setlinewidth(1)
  ticksize = 0.0075 * diag
  if %i[wireframe surface plot3 scatter3 trisurf volume].include?(kind)
    charheight = [0.024 * diag, 0.012].max
    GR.setcharheight(charheight)
    ztick, zorg, majorz = kvs[:zaxis]
    rotation = kvs[:rotation] || 40
    tilt = kvs[:tilt] || 60
    zi = tilt >= 0 && tilt <= 90 ? 0 : 1 # Julia: 1-based index -> Ruby: 0-based index
    xlabel = (kvs[:xlabel] || '').to_s
    ylabel = (kvs[:ylabel] || '').to_s
    zlabel = (kvs[:zlabel] || '').to_s
    GR.setcharheight(charheight * 1.5)
    GR.settitles3d(xlabel, ylabel, zlabel)
    GR.setcharheight(charheight)
    if pass == 1 && drawgrid
      if rotation >= 0 && rotation < 90
        GR.grid3d(xtick, 0, ztick, xorg[0], yorg[1], zorg[zi], 2, 0, 2)
        GR.grid3d(0, ytick, 0, xorg[0], yorg[1], zorg[zi], 0, 2, 0)
      elsif rotation >= 90 && rotation < 180
        GR.grid3d(xtick, 0, ztick, xorg[1], yorg[1], zorg[zi], 2, 0, 2)
        GR.grid3d(0, ytick, 0, xorg[1], yorg[1], zorg[zi], 0, 2, 0)
      elsif rotation >= 180 && rotation < 270
        GR.grid3d(xtick, 0, ztick, xorg[1], yorg[0], zorg[zi], 2, 0, 2)
        GR.grid3d(0, ytick, 0, xorg[1], yorg[0], zorg[zi], 0, 2, 0)
      else
        GR.grid3d(xtick, 0, ztick, xorg[0], yorg[0], zorg[0], 2, 0, 2)
        GR.grid3d(0, ytick, 0, xorg[0], yorg[0], zorg[zi], 0, 2, 0)
      end
    elsif rotation >= 0 && rotation < 90
      GR.axes3d(xtick, 0, ztick, xorg[0], yorg[0], zorg[zi], majorx, 0, majorz, -ticksize)
      GR.axes3d(0, ytick, 0, xorg[1], yorg[0], zorg[zi], 0, majory, 0, ticksize)
    elsif rotation >= 90 && rotation < 180
      GR.axes3d(0, 0, ztick, xorg[0], yorg[1], zorg[zi], 0, 0, majorz, -ticksize)
      GR.axes3d(xtick, ytick, 0, xorg[0], yorg[0], zorg[zi], majorx, majory, 0, -ticksize)
    elsif rotation >= 180 && rotation < 270
      GR.axes3d(xtick, 0, ztick, xorg[1], yorg[1], zorg[zi], majorx, 0, majorz, ticksize)
      GR.axes3d(0, ytick, 0, xorg[0], yorg[0], zorg[zi], 0, majory, 0, -ticksize)
    else
      GR.axes3d(0, 0, ztick, xorg[1], yorg[0], zorg[zi], 0, 0, majorz, -ticksize)
      GR.axes3d(xtick, ytick, 0, xorg[1], yorg[1], zorg[zi], majorx, majory, 0, ticksize)
    end
  else
    charheight = [0.018 * diag, 0.012].max
    GR.setcharheight(charheight)
    if %i[heatmap nonuniformheatmap shade contourf].include?(kind)
      ticksize = -ticksize
      drawgrid = false if kind == :shade
    end
    if kvs.has_key?(:xticklabels) || kvs.has_key?(:yticklabels)
      GR.grid(xtick, ytick, 0, 0, majorx, majory) if drawgrid
      fx = if kvs.has_key?(:xticklabels)
             GRCommons::Fiddley::Function.new(
               :void, %i[double double string double]
             ) do |x, y, _svalue, value|
               idx = value.round - 1
               label = if idx >= 0 && idx < kvs[:xticklabels].size
                         kvs[:xticklabels][idx]
                       else
                         ''
                       end
               GR.textext(x, y, label)
             end
           else
             GRCommons::Fiddley::Function.new(
               :void, %i[double double string double]
             ) do |x, y, _svalue, value|
               GR.textext(x, y, value.to_s)
             end
           end
      fy = if kvs.has_key?(:yticklabels)
             GRCommons::Fiddley::Function.new(
               :void, %i[double double string double]
             ) do |x, y, _svalue, value|
               idx = value.round - 1
               label = if idx >= 0 && idx < kvs[:yticklabels].size
                         kvs[:yticklabels][idx]
                       else
                         ''
                       end
               GR.textext(x, y, label)
             end
           else
             GRCommons::Fiddley::Function.new(
               :void, %i[double double string double]
             ) do |x, y, _svalue, value|
               GR.textext(x, y, value.to_s)
             end
           end
      GR.axeslbl(xtick, ytick, xorg[0], yorg[0], majorx, majory, ticksize, fx, fy)
    else
      x_axis = GR.axis('X', tick: xtick, org: xorg[0], major_count: majorx, tick_size: ticksize)
      y_axis = GR.axis('Y', tick: ytick, org: yorg[0], major_count: majory, tick_size: ticksize)
      options = GR::AXES_SIMPLE_AXES | GR::AXES_TWIN_AXES
      options |= GR::AXES_WITH_GRID if drawgrid
      GR.drawaxes(x_axis, y_axis, options)
    end
  end

  if kvs.has_key?(:title)
    GR.savestate
    GR.settextalign(GR::TEXT_HALIGN_CENTER, GR::TEXT_VALIGN_TOP)
    text(0.5 * (viewport[0] + viewport[1]), vp[3], kvs[:title].to_s)
    GR.restorestate
  end
  return if %i[wireframe surface plot3 scatter3 trisurf volume].include?(kind)

  if kvs.has_key?(:xlabel)
    GR.savestate
    GR.settextalign(GR::TEXT_HALIGN_CENTER, GR::TEXT_VALIGN_BOTTOM)
    text(0.5 * (viewport[0] + viewport[1]), vp[2] + 0.5 * charheight, kvs[:xlabel].to_s)
    GR.restorestate
  end
  return unless kvs.has_key?(:ylabel)

  GR.savestate
  GR.settextalign(GR::TEXT_HALIGN_CENTER, GR::TEXT_VALIGN_TOP)
  GR.setcharup(-1, 0)
  text(vp[0] + 0.5 * charheight, 0.5 * (viewport[2] + viewport[3]), kvs[:ylabel].to_s)
  GR.restorestate
end

#draw_legendObject



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 1241

def draw_legend
  w, h = legend_size
  viewport = kvs[:viewport]
  location = kvs[:location] || 1
  num_labels = kvs[:labels].length
  GR.savestate
  GR.selntran 0
  GR.setscale 0
  px = case location
       when 11, 12, 13
         viewport[1] + 0.11
       when 8, 9, 10
         0.5 * (viewport[0] + viewport[1] - w + 0.05)
       when 2, 3, 6
         viewport[0] + 0.11
       else
         viewport[1] - 0.05 - w
       end
  py = case location
       when 5, 6, 7, 10, 12
         0.5 * (viewport[2] + viewport[3] + h - 0.03)
       when 13
         viewport[2] + h
       when 3, 4, 8
         viewport[2] + h + 0.03
       when 11
         viewport[3] - 0.03
       else
         viewport[3] - 0.06
       end
  GR.setfillintstyle(GR::INTSTYLE_SOLID)
  GR.setfillcolorind(0)
  GR.fillrect(px - 0.08, px + w + 0.02, py + 0.03, py - h)
  GR.setlinetype(GR::LINETYPE_SOLID)
  GR.setlinecolorind(1)
  GR.setlinewidth(1)
  GR.drawrect(px - 0.08, px + w + 0.02, py + 0.03, py - h)
  i = 0
  GR.uselinespec(' ')
  args.each do |_x, _y, _z, _c, spec|
    if i < num_labels
      label = kvs[:labels][i]
      label = label.to_s
      _tbx, tby = inqtext(0, 0, label)
      dy = [(tby[2] - tby[0]) - 0.03, 0].max
      py -= 0.5 * dy
    end
    GR.savestate
    mask = GR.uselinespec(spec || '')
    GR.polyline([px - 0.07, px - 0.01], [py, py]) if hasline(mask)
    GR.polymarker([px - 0.06, px - 0.02], [py, py]) if hasmarker(mask)
    GR.restorestate
    GR.settextalign(GR::TEXT_HALIGN_LEFT, GR::TEXT_VALIGN_HALF)
    if i < num_labels
      text(px, py, label)
      py -= 0.5 * dy
      i += 1
    end
    py -= 0.03
  end
  GR.selntran(1)
  GR.restorestate
end

#draw_polar_axes(pass = 1) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 578

def draw_polar_axes(pass = 1)
  viewport = kvs[:viewport]
  vp = kvs[:vp]
  diag = Math.sqrt((viewport[1] - viewport[0])**2 + (viewport[3] - viewport[2])**2)
  charheight = [0.018 * diag, 0.012].max

  window = kvs[:window]
  rmin = window[2]
  rmax = window[3]

  GR.savestate
  GR.setcharheight(charheight)
  GR.setlinetype(GR::LINETYPE_SOLID)

  tick = auto_tick(rmin, rmax)
  n = ((rmax - rmin) / tick).truncate
  if n <= 4
    tick /= 2.0
    n *= 2
  end

  if pass == 1
    GR.selntran(1)
    (n + 1).times do |i|
      r = i.to_f * tick / (rmax - rmin)
      if r > 0 && r < 1
        if i.even?
          GR.setlinecolorind(88)
          GR.drawarc(-r, r, -r, r, 0, 360)
        else
          GR.setlinecolorind(90)
          GR.drawarc(-r, r, -r, r, 0, 360)
        end
      end
    end
    GR.setclip(0)
    GR.setlinecolorind(88)
    GR.drawarc(-1, 1, -1, 1, 0, 360)

    GR.setclip(1)
    sign = (kvs[:theta_direction] || 1) > 0 ? 1 : -1
    offs = THETA_ZERO_LOCATION[kvs[:theta_zero_location] || 'E']
    0.step(by: 45, to: 315) do |alpha|
      sinf = Math.sin((alpha * sign) * Math::PI / 180 + offs)
      cosf = Math.cos((alpha * sign) * Math::PI / 180 + offs)
      GR.setlinecolorind(88)
      GR.polyline([cosf, 0], [sinf, 0])
      GR.settextalign(GR::TEXT_HALIGN_CENTER, GR::TEXT_VALIGN_HALF)
      x, y = GR.wctondc(1.1 * cosf, 1.1 * sinf)
      GR.textext(x, y, "#{alpha}^o")
    end

    if kvs.has_key?(:title)
      GR.settextalign(GR::TEXT_HALIGN_CENTER, GR::TEXT_VALIGN_TOP)
      text(0.5 * (viewport[0] + viewport[1]), vp[3] - 0.02, kvs[:title].to_s)
    end
  end

  if pass == 2
    start = (rmin / tick).floor.truncate
    (n + 1).times do |i|
      j = start + i
      next unless j * tick >= rmin

      r = i.to_f * tick / (rmax - rmin)
      next unless i.even?

      GR.settextalign(GR::TEXT_HALIGN_LEFT, GR::TEXT_VALIGN_HALF)
      x, y = GR.wctondc(0.05, r)
      fmt = GR.getformat(start, rmin, rmax, tick, 2)
      s = GR.ftoa(j * tick, fmt)
      GR.text(x, y, s)
    end
  end

  GR.restorestate
end

#plot_data(_figure = true) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 827

def plot_data(_figure = true)
  # GR.init

  # target = GR.displayname
  # if flag && target != None
  #   if target == "js" || target == "meta"
  #       send_meta(0)
  #   else
  #       send_serialized(target)
  #   end
  #   return
  # end

  kind = kvs[:kind] || :line
  GR.clearws if kvs[:clear]

  if scheme != 0
    8.times do |colorind|
      color = COLORS[scheme - 1][colorind]
      r, g, b = rgb(color)
      GR.setcolorrep(colorind, r, g, b)
      GR.setcolorrep(DISTINCT_CMAP[colorind], r, g, b) if scheme != 1
    end

    r, g, b = rgb(COLORS[scheme - 1][0])
    r2, g2, b2 = rgb(COLORS[scheme - 1][1])
    rdiff = r2 - r
    gdiff = g2 - g
    bdiff = b2 - b

    12.times do |colorind|
      f = colorind / 11.0
      GR.setcolorrep(91 - colorind, r + f * rdiff, g + f * gdiff, b + f * bdiff)
    end
  end

  if kvs.has_key?(:font)
    name = kvs[:font]
    # 'Cmuserif-Math' => :cmuserif_math
    sym_name = name.to_s.gsub('-', '_').downcase.to_sym
    if FONTS.include?(sym_name)
      font = FONTS[sym_name]
      GR.settextfontprec(font, font > 200 ? 3 : 0)
    else
      font = GR.loadfont(name)
      if font >= 0
        GR.settextfontprec(font, 3)
      else
        warn "Unknown font name: #{name}"
      end
    end
  else
    # The following fonts are the default in GR.jl
    # Japanese, Chinese, Korean, etc. cannot be displayed.

    # GR.settextfontprec(232, 3) # CM Serif Roman
  end

  set_viewport(kind, kvs[:subplot])
  unless kvs[:ax]
    set_window(kind)
    if %i[polar polarhist].include?(kind)
      draw_polar_axes
    elsif !%i[imshow isosurface polarheatmap nonuniformpolarheatmap].include?(kind)
      draw_axes(kind)
    end
  end

  if kvs.has_key?(:colormap)
    GR.setcolormap(kvs[:colormap])
  else
    GR.setcolormap(GR::COLORMAP_VIRIDIS)
  end

  GR.uselinespec(' ')
  args.each do |x, y, z, c, spec|
    spec ||= kvs[:spec] ||= ''
    GR.savestate
    GR.settransparency(kvs[:alpha]) if kvs.has_key?(:alpha)

    case kind

    when :line
      mask = GR.uselinespec(spec)
      if c
        linewidth = kvs[:linewidth] || 1
        z = Array.new(x.length, linewidth)
        GR.polyline(x, y, z, c)
      else
        if hasline(mask)
          linewidth = kvs[:linewidth] || 1
          GR.setlinewidth(linewidth)
          GR.polyline(x, y)
        end
        if hasmarker(mask)
          markersize = kvs[:markersize] || 1
          GR.setmarkersize(markersize)
          borderwidth = kvs[:borderwidth] || 1
          GR.setborderwidth(borderwidth)
          GR.polymarker(x, y)
        end
      end

    when :step, :stairs
      mask = GR.uselinespec(spec)
      if hasline(mask)
        where = kvs[:where] || 'mid'
        n = x.length
        xs = [x[0]]
        case where
        when 'pre'
          ys = [y[0]]
          (n - 1).times do |i|
            xs << x[i]     << x[i + 1]
            ys << y[i + 1] << y[i + 1]
          end
        when 'post'
          ys = [y[0]]
          (n - 1).times do |i|
            xs << x[i + 1] << x[i + 1]
            ys << y[i]     << y[i + 1]
          end
        else
          ys = []
          (n - 1).times do |i|
            xs << 0.5 * (x[i] + x[i + 1]) << 0.5 * (x[i] + x[i + 1])
            ys << y[i] << y[i]
          end
          xs << x[n - 1]
          ys << y[n - 1] << y[n - 1]
        end
        GR.polyline(xs, ys)
      end
      GR.polymarker(x, y) if hasmarker(mask)

    when :scatter
      GR.setmarkertype(GR::MARKERTYPE_SOLID_CIRCLE)
      if z || c
        if c
          cmin, cmax = kvs[:crange]
          c = c.map { |i| normalize_color(i, cmin, cmax) }
          c = c.map { |i| (1000 + i * 255).round }
        end
        GR.polymarker(x, y, z, c)
      else
        GR.polymarker(x, y)
      end

    when :stem
      GR.setmarkertype(GR::MARKERTYPE_SOLID_CIRCLE)
      GR.uselinespec(spec)
      x = x.to_a if narray?(x)
      y = y.to_a if narray?(y)
      x.zip(y).each do |xi, yi|
        GR.polyline([xi, xi], [0, yi])
        GR.polymarker([xi], [yi])
      end
      GR.setlinecolorind(1)
      GR.polyline(kvs[:window][0..1], [0, 0])

    when :bar
      (0...x.length).step(2) do |i|
        GR.setfillcolorind(989)
        GR.setfillintstyle(GR::INTSTYLE_SOLID)
        GR.fillrect(x[i], x[i + 1], y[i], y[i + 1])
        GR.setfillcolorind(1)
        GR.setfillintstyle(GR::INTSTYLE_HOLLOW)
        GR.fillrect(x[i], x[i + 1], y[i], y[i + 1])
      end

    when :hist
      ymin = kvs[:window][2]
      y.length.times do |i|
        GR.setfillcolorind(989)
        GR.setfillintstyle(GR::INTSTYLE_SOLID)
        GR.fillrect(x[i], x[i + 1], ymin, y[i])
        GR.setfillcolorind(1)
        GR.setfillintstyle(GR::INTSTYLE_HOLLOW)
        GR.fillrect(x[i], x[i + 1], ymin, y[i])
      end

    when :polarhist
      ymax = kvs[:window][3].to_f
      ρ = y.map { |i| i / ymax }
      θ = x.map { |i| i * 180 / Math::PI }
      (1...ρ.length).each do |i|
        GR.setfillcolorind(989)
        GR.setfillintstyle(GR::INTSTYLE_SOLID)
        GR.fillarc(-ρ[i], ρ[i], -ρ[i], ρ[i], θ[i - 1], θ[i])
        GR.setfillcolorind(1)
        GR.setfillintstyle(GR::INTSTYLE_HOLLOW)
        GR.fillarc(-ρ[i], ρ[i], -ρ[i], ρ[i], θ[i - 1], θ[i])
      end
      draw_polar_axes(2)

    when :polarheatmap, :nonuniformpolarheatmap
      w, h = z.shape
      cmap = colormap
      cmin, cmax = kvs[:zrange]
      data = z.map { |i| normalize_color(i, cmin, cmax) }
      data.reverse(axis: 0) if kvs[:xflip]
      data.reverse(axis: 1) if kvs[:yflip]
      colors = data * 255 + 1000
      colors = colors.transpose # Julia is column major
      case kind
      when :polarheatmap
        GR.polarcellarray(0, 0, 0, 360, 0, 1, w, h, colors)
      when :nonuniformpolarheatmap
        ymax = y.max.to_f
        ρ = y.map { |i| i / ymax }
        θ = x.map { |i| i * 180 / Math::PI }
        GR.nonuniformpolarcellarray(θ, ρ, w, h, colors)
      end
      draw_polar_axes(1)
      draw_polar_axes(2)
      kvs[:zrange] = [cmin, cmax]
      colorbar(0.025)

    when :contour, :contourf
      zmin, zmax = kvs[:zrange]
      if narray?(z) && z.ndim == 2
        a, b = z.shape
        x = (1..b).to_a
        y = (1..a).to_a
        zmin, zmax = z.minmax
      elsif equal_length(x, y, z)
        x, y, z = GR.gridit(x, y, z, 200, 200)
        zmin, zmax = z.compact.minmax # compact : removed nil
      end

      # kvs[:zlim] is supposed to be Array or Range
      if kvs.has_key?(:zlim)
        zmin = kvs[:zlim].first if kvs[:zlim].first
        zmax = kvs[:zlim].last if kvs[:zlim].last
      end
      GR.setprojectiontype(0)
      GR.setspace(zmin, zmax, 0, 90)
      levels = kvs[:levels] || 0
      clabels = kvs[:clabels] || false
      if levels.is_a? Integer
        hmin, hmax = GR.adjustrange(zmin, zmax)
        h = linspace(hmin, hmax, levels == 0 ? 21 : levels + 1)
      else
        h = levels
      end
      case kind
      when :contour
        GR._contour_(x, y, h, z, clabels ? 1 : 1000)
      when :contourf
        clines = kvs.has_key?(:clines) ? kvs[:clines] : true
        GR._contourf_(x, y, h, z, if clines
                                    clabels ? 1 : 0
                                  else
                                    -1
                                  end)
      end
      colorbar(0, h.length)

    when :hexbin
      nbins = kvs[:nbins] || 40
      cntmax = GR._hexbin_(x, y, nbins)
      if cntmax > 0
        kvs[:zrange] = [0, cntmax]
        colorbar
      end

    when :heatmap, :nonuniformheatmap
      case z
      when Array
        raise unless z.all? { |zi| zi.size = z[0].size }

        w = z.size
        h = z[0].size

      when ->(obj) { narray?(obj) }
        w, h = z.shape
      else
        raise
      end
      cmap = colormap
      cmin, cmax = kvs[:crange]
      levels = kvs[:levels] || 256
      data = z.flatten.to_a.map { |i| normalize_color(i, cmin, cmax) } # NArray -> Array
      if kind == :heatmap && !ENV['GR_SCALE_FACTOR']
        rgba = data.map { |v| to_rgba(v, cmap) }
        GR.drawimage(0.5, w + 0.5, h + 0.5, 0.5, w, h, rgba)
      else
        colors = data.map { |i| (i.nan? ? 1256 : 1000 + i * 255).round }
        GR.nonuniformcellarray(x, y, w, h, colors)
      end
      colorbar(0, levels)

    when :wireframe
      if narray?(z) && z.ndim == 2
        a, b = z.shape
        x = (1..b).to_a
        y = (1..a).to_a
      elsif equal_length(x, y, z)
        x, y, z = GR.gridit(x, y, z, 50, 50)
      end
      GR.setfillcolorind(0)
      GR._surface_(x, y, z, GR::OPTION_FILLED_MESH)
      draw_axes(kind, 2)

    when :surface
      if narray?(z) && z.ndim == 2
        a, b = z.shape
        x = (1..b).to_a
        y = (1..a).to_a
      elsif equal_length(x, y, z)
        x, y, z = GR.gridit(x, y, z, 200, 200)
      end
      if kvs[:accelerate] == false
        GR._surface_(x, y, z, GR::OPTION_COLORED_MESH)
      else
        require 'gr3'
        GR3.clear
        GR3.surface(x, y, z, GR::OPTION_COLORED_MESH)
      end
      draw_axes(kind, 2)
      colorbar(0.05)

    when :volume
      algorithm = kvs[:algorithm] || 0
      w, h, ratio = GR.inqvpsize
      GR.setpicturesizeforvolume((w * ratio).round, (h * ratio).round)
      require 'gr3'
      GR3.clear
      ambient, diffuse, specular, specular_power = GR3.getlightparameters
      GR3.setlightparameters(0.8, 0.2, 0.1, 10.0)
      dmin, dmax = GR3.volume(z, algorithm)
      GR3.setlightparameters(ambient, diffuse, specular, specular_power)
      draw_axes(kind, 2)
      kvs[:zrange] = [dmin, dmax]
      colorbar(0.05)

    when :plot3
      mask = GR.uselinespec(spec)
      GR.polyline3d(x, y, z) if hasline(mask)
      GR.polymarker3d(x, y, z) if hasmarker(mask)
      draw_axes(kind, 2)

    when :scatter3
      GR.setmarkertype(GR::MARKERTYPE_SOLID_CIRCLE)
      if c
        cmin, cmax = kvs[:crange]
        c = c.map { |i| normalize_color(i, cmin, cmax) }
        cind = c.map { |i| (1000 + i * 255).round }
        x.length.times do |i|
          GR.setmarkercolorind(cind[i])
          GR.polymarker3d([x[i]], [y[i]], [z[i]])
        end
      else
        GR.polymarker3d(x, y, z)
      end
      draw_axes(kind, 2)

    when :imshow
      plot_img(z)

    when :isosurface
      plot_iso(z)

    when :polar
      GR.uselinespec(spec)
      plot_polar(x, y)
      draw_polar_axes(2)

    when :trisurf
      GR.trisurface(x, y, z)
      draw_axes(kind, 2)
      colorbar(0.05)

    when :tricont
      zmin, zmax = kvs[:zrange]
      levels = linspace(zmin, zmax, 20)
      GR.tricontour(x, y, z, levels)
      colorbar

    when :shade
      xform = kvs[:xform] || 5
      if (x.respond_to?(:isnan) && x.isnan.any?) || (x.is_a?(Array) && x.include?(Float::NAN))
        GR.shadelines(x, y, xform: xform)
      else
        GR.shadepoints(x, y, xform: xform)
      end

    when :bar
      0.step(x.length - 1, 2) do |i|
        GR.setfillcolorind(989)
        GR.setfillintstyle(GR::INTSTYLE_SOLID)
        GR.fillrect(x[i], x[i + 1], y[i], y[i + 1])
        GR.setfillcolorind(1)
        GR.setfillintstyle(GR::INTSTYLE_HOLLOW)
        GR.fillrect(x[i], x[i + 1], y[i], y[i + 1])
      end
    end

    GR.restorestate
  end

  draw_legend if %i[line step scatter stem].include?(kind) && kvs.has_key?(:labels)

  return unless kvs[:update]

  GR.updatews
  # if GR.isinline()
  #  restore_context()
  #  return GR.show()
  # end

  # flag && restore_context()
end

#plot_img(img) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 673

def plot_img(img)
  viewport = kvs[:vp].clone
  viewport[3] -= 0.05 if kvs.has_key?(:title)
  vp = kvs[:vp]

  if img.is_a? String
    width, height, data = GR.readimage(img)
  else
    if narray?(img)
      height, width = img.shape
      data = img
    else
      height = img.length
      width = img[0].length
      data = img.flatten
    end
    cmin, cmax = kvs[:crange]
    if narray?(data)
      data = (data - cmin) / (cmax - cmin)
      data = (data * 255 + 1000).round.cast_to(Numo::Int32)
    else
      data = data.map { |i| (1000 + normalize_color(i, cmin, cmax) * 255).round }
    end
  end

  if width * (viewport[3] - viewport[2]) < height * (viewport[1] - viewport[0])
    w = width.to_f / height * (viewport[3] - viewport[2])
    xmin = [0.5 * (viewport[0] + viewport[1] - w), viewport[0]].max
    xmax = [0.5 * (viewport[0] + viewport[1] + w), viewport[1]].min
    ymin = viewport[2]
    ymax = viewport[3]
  else
    h = height.to_f / width * (viewport[1] - viewport[0])
    xmin = viewport[0]
    xmax = viewport[1]
    ymin = [0.5 * (viewport[3] + viewport[2] - h), viewport[2]].max
    ymax = [0.5 * (viewport[3] + viewport[2] + h), viewport[3]].min
  end

  GR.selntran(0)
  GR.setscale(0)
  if kvs[:xflip]
    tmp = xmax
    xmax = xmin
    xmin = tmp
  end
  if kvs[:yflip]
    tmp = ymax
    ymax = ymin
    ymin = tmp
  end
  if img.is_a? String
    GR.drawimage(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, width, height, data)
  else
    GR.cellarray(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, width, height, data)
  end

  if kvs.has_key?(:title)
    GR.savestate
    GR.settextalign(GR::TEXT_HALIGN_CENTER, GR::TEXT_VALIGN_TOP)
    text(0.5 * (viewport[0] + viewport[1]), vp[3], kvs[:title].to_s)
    GR.restorestate
  end
  GR.selntran(1)
end

#plot_iso(v) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 739

def plot_iso(v)
  viewport = kvs[:viewport]

  if viewport[3] - viewport[2] < viewport[1] - viewport[0]
    width = viewport[3] - viewport[2]
    centerx = 0.5 * (viewport[0] + viewport[1])
    xmin = [centerx - 0.5 * width, viewport[0]].max
    xmax = [centerx + 0.5 * width, viewport[1]].min
    ymin = viewport[2]
    ymax = viewport[3]
  else
    height = viewport[1] - viewport[0]
    centery = 0.5 * (viewport[2] + viewport[3])
    xmin = viewport[0]
    xmax = viewport[1]
    ymin = [centery - 0.5 * height, viewport[2]].max
    ymax = [centery + 0.5 * height, viewport[3]].min
  end

  GR.selntran(0)
  v = Numo::DFloat.cast(v) if v.is_a? Array
  values = ((v - v.min) / (v.max - v.min) * (2**16 - 1)).round
  values = Numo::UInt16.cast(values)
  nx, ny, nz = v.shape
  isovalue = ((kvs[:isovalue] || 0.5) - v.min) / (v.max - v.min)
  rotation = ((kvs[:rotation] || 40) * Math::PI / 180.0)
  tilt = ((kvs[:tilt] || 60) * Math::PI / 180.0)
  r = 2.5
  require 'gr3'
  GR3.clear
  mesh = GR3.createisosurfacemesh(values, [2.0 / (nx - 1), 2.0 / (ny - 1), 2.0 / (nz - 1)],
                                  [-1, -1, -1],
                                  (isovalue * (2**16 - 1)).round)
  color = kvs[:color] || [0.0, 0.5, 0.8]
  GR3.setbackgroundcolor(1, 1, 1, 0)
  GR3.drawmesh(mesh, 1, [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1], [0, 1, 0], color, [1, 1, 1])
  GR3.cameralookat(r * Math.sin(tilt) * Math.sin(rotation),
                   r * Math.cos(tilt), r * Math.sin(tilt) * Math.cos(rotation),
                   0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0)
  GR3.drawimage(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, 500, 500, GR3::DRAWABLE_GKS)
  GR3.deletemesh(mesh)
  GR.selntran(1)
end

#plot_polar(θ, ρ) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 656

def plot_polar(θ, ρ)
  window = kvs[:window]
  rmin = window[2]
  rmax = window[3]
  sign = (kvs[:theta_direction] || 1) > 0 ? 1 : -1
  offs = THETA_ZERO_LOCATION[kvs[:theta_zero_location] || 'E']
  ρ = ρ.map { |i| (i - rmin) / (rmax - rmin) }
  n = ρ.length
  x = []
  y = []
  n.times do |i|
    x << ρ[i] * Math.cos(θ[i] * sign + offs)
    y << ρ[i] * Math.sin(θ[i] * sign + offs)
  end
  GR.polyline(x, y)
end

#rgb(color) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 819

def rgb(color)
  [
    ((color >> 16) & 0xff) / 255.0,
    ((color >> 8) & 0xff) / 255.0,
    (color & 0xff) / 255.0
  ]
end

#set_viewport(kind, subplot) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 228

def set_viewport(kind, subplot)
  mwidth, mheight, width, height = GR.inqdspsize
  if kvs.has_key?(:figsize)
    w, h = kvs[:figsize]
    if w < 2 && h < 2
      w = width * w / mwidth
      h = height * h / mheight
    end
  else
    dpi = kvs[:dpi]
    dpi ||= (width / mwidth * 0.0254).round
    if dpi > 200
      w, h = kvs[:size].map { |i| i * dpi / 100.0 }
    else
      w, h = kvs[:size]
    end
  end

  vp = subplot.clone.map(&:to_f)

  if w > h
    ratio = w / h.to_f
    msize = mwidth * w / width
    GR.setwsviewport(0, msize, 0, msize / ratio)
    GR.setwswindow(0, 1, 0, 1 / ratio)
    vp[2] /= ratio
    vp[3] /= ratio
  else
    ratio = h / w.to_f
    msize = mheight * h / height
    GR.setwsviewport(0, msize / ratio, 0, msize)
    GR.setwswindow(0, 1 / ratio, 0, 1)
    vp[0] /= ratio
    vp[1] /= ratio
  end

  if %i[wireframe surface plot3 scatter3 trisurf volume].include?(kind)
    extent = [vp[1] - vp[0], vp[3] - vp[2]].min
    vp1 = 0.5 * (vp[0] + vp[1] - extent)
    vp2 = 0.5 * (vp[0] + vp[1] + extent)
    vp3 = 0.5 * (vp[2] + vp[3] - extent)
    vp4 = 0.5 * (vp[2] + vp[3] + extent)
  else
    vp1, vp2, vp3, vp4 = vp
  end

  left_margin = kvs.has_key?(:ylabel) ? 0.05 : 0
  right_margin = if %i[contour contourf tricont hexbin heatmap nonuniformheatmap polarheatmap
                       nonuniformpolarheatmap surface trisurf volume].include?(kind)
                   (vp2 - vp1) * 0.1
                 else
                   0
                 end
  bottom_margin = kvs.has_key?(:xlabel) ? 0.05 : 0
  top_margin = kvs.has_key?(:title) ? 0.075 : 0

  viewport = [vp1 + (0.075 + left_margin) * (vp2 - vp1),
              vp1 + (0.95 - right_margin) * (vp2 - vp1),
              vp3 + (0.075 + bottom_margin) * (vp4 - vp3),
              vp3 + (0.975 - top_margin) * (vp4 - vp3)]

  if %i[line step scatter stem].include?(kind) && kvs[:labels]
    location = kvs[:location] || 1
    if [11, 12, 13].include?(location)
      w_legend, _h_legend = legend_size
      viewport[1] -= w_legend + 0.1
    end
  end

  if %i[polar polarhist polarheatmap nonuniformpolarheatmap].include?(kind)
    xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax = viewport
    xcenter = 0.5 * (xmin + xmax)
    ycenter = 0.5 * (ymin + ymax)
    r = 0.45 * [xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin].min
    if kvs.has_key?(:title)
      r *= 0.975
      ycenter -= 0.025 * r
    end
    viewport[0] = xcenter - r
    viewport[1] = xcenter + r
    viewport[2] = ycenter - r
    viewport[3] = ycenter + r
  end

  GR.setviewport(*viewport)

  kvs[:viewport] = viewport
  kvs[:vp]       = vp
  kvs[:ratio]    = ratio

  return unless kvs[:backgroundcolor]

  GR.savestate
  GR.selntran(0)
  GR.setfillintstyle(GR::INTSTYLE_SOLID)
  GR.setfillcolorind(kvs[:backgroundcolor])
  if w > h
    GR.fillrect(subplot[0], subplot[1],
                ratio * subplot[2], ratio * subplot[3])
  else
    GR.fillrect(ratio * subplot[0], ratio * subplot[1],
                subplot[2], subplot[3])
  end
  GR.selntran(1)
  GR.restorestate
end

#set_window(kind) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 335

def set_window(kind)
  scale = 0
  unless %i[polar polarhist polarheatmap nonuniformpolarheatmap].include?(kind)
    scale |= GR::OPTION_X_LOG  if kvs[:xlog]
    scale |= GR::OPTION_Y_LOG  if kvs[:ylog]
    scale |= GR::OPTION_Z_LOG  if kvs[:zlog]
    scale |= GR::OPTION_FLIP_X if kvs[:xflip]
    scale |= GR::OPTION_FLIP_Y if kvs[:yflip]
    scale |= GR::OPTION_FLIP_Z if kvs[:zflip]
  end
  kvs[:scale] = scale

  if kvs.has_key?(:panzoom)
    xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax = GR.panzoom(*kvs[:panzoom])
    kvs[:xrange] = [xmin, xmax]
    kvs[:yrange] = [ymin, ymax]
  else
    minmax(kind)
  end

  major_count = if %i[wireframe surface plot3 scatter3 polar polarhist
                      polarheatmap nonuniformpolarheatmap trisurf volume].include?(kind)
                  2
                else
                  5
                end

  kvs[:xticks] = [kvs[:xticks], major_count] if kvs[:xticks].is_a? Numeric
  kvs[:yticks] = [kvs[:yticks], major_count] if kvs[:yticks].is_a? Numeric
  kvs[:zticks] = [kvs[:zticks], major_count] if kvs[:zticks].is_a? Numeric

  xmin, xmax = kvs[:xrange]
  if kind == :heatmap && !kvs.has_key?(:xlim)
    xmin -= 0.5
    xmax += 0.5
  end
  xtick, majorx = if (scale & GR::OPTION_X_LOG) == 0
                    if !kvs.has_key?(:xlim) && !kvs[:panzoom] &&
                       !%i[heatmap polarheatmap nonuniformpolarheatmap].include?(kind)
                      xmin, xmax = GR.adjustlimits(xmin, xmax)
                    end
                    if kvs.has_key?(:xticks)
                      kvs[:xticks]
                    else
                      [auto_tick(xmin, xmax) / major_count, major_count]
                    end
                  else
                    [1, 1]
                  end
  xorg = (scale & GR::OPTION_FLIP_X) == 0 ? [xmin, xmax] : [xmax, xmin]
  kvs[:xaxis] = xtick, xorg, majorx

  ymin, ymax = kvs[:yrange]
  if kind == :heatmap && !kvs.has_key?(:ylim)
    ymin -= 0.5
    ymax += 0.5
  end
  if kind == :hist && !kvs.has_key?(:ylim)
    ymin = (scale & GR::OPTION_Y_LOG) == 0 ? 0 : 1
  end
  ytick, majory = if (scale & GR::OPTION_Y_LOG) == 0
                    if !kvs.has_key?(:ylim) && !kvs[:panzoom] &&
                       !%i[heatmap polarheatmap nonuniformpolarheatmap].include?(kind)
                      ymin, ymax = GR.adjustlimits(ymin, ymax)
                    end
                    if kvs.has_key?(:yticks)
                      kvs[:yticks]
                    else
                      [auto_tick(ymin, ymax) / major_count, major_count]
                    end
                  else
                    [1, 1]
                  end
  yorg = (scale & GR::OPTION_FLIP_Y) == 0 ? [ymin, ymax] : [ymax, ymin]
  kvs[:yaxis] = ytick, yorg, majory

  if %i[wireframe surface plot3 scatter3 trisurf volume].include?(kind)
    zmin, zmax = kvs[:zrange]
    ztick, majorz = if (scale & GR::OPTION_Z_LOG) == 0
                      zmin, zmax = GR.adjustlimits(zmin, zmax) unless kvs.has_key?(:zlim)
                      if kvs.has_key?(:zticks)
                        kvs[:zticks]
                      else
                        [auto_tick(zmin, zmax) / major_count, major_count]
                      end
                    else
                      [1, 1]
                    end
    zorg = (scale & GR::OPTION_FLIP_Z) == 0 ? [zmin, zmax] : [zmax, zmin]
    kvs[:zaxis] = ztick, zorg, majorz
  end

  kvs[:window] = xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax
  if %i[polar polarhist polarheatmap nonuniformpolarheatmap].include?(kind)
    GR.setwindow(-1, 1, -1, 1)
    GR.setclipregion(GR::REGION_ELLIPSE)
  else
    GR.setwindow(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
    GR.setclipregion(GR::REGION_RECTANGLE)
  end
  if %i[wireframe surface plot3 scatter3 trisurf volume].include?(kind)
    rotation = kvs[:rotation] || 40
    tilt     = kvs[:tilt]     || 60
    GR.setwindow3d(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, zmin, zmax)
    GR.setspace3d(-rotation, tilt, 30, 0)
  end

  kvs[:scale] = scale
  GR.setscale(scale)
end

#to_svgObject



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# File 'lib/gr/plot.rb', line 1305

def to_svg
  ## Need IRuby improvemend.
  GR.show(false) if ENV['GKS_WSTYPE'] == 'svg'
end